When To Call A Private Investigator vs. Law Enforcement
Knowing when to hire a private investigator versus when to contact law enforcement can be the key to getting answers efficiently and legally. While both play vital roles in investigations, their focus, scope, and responsiveness differ in meaningful ways. At O’Brien & Associates, we often work alongside legal professionals, insurers, and individuals who need clarity on which route is appropriate—and when hiring a private investigator can make a measurable difference.
Understanding The Distinction
Law enforcement agencies are tasked with investigating criminal activity, enforcing laws, and protecting public safety. Their resources are typically directed toward cases that involve clear violations of criminal law—think theft, assault, or missing persons with signs of foul play.
Private investigators, on the other hand, serve both individuals and organizations in a wider variety of circumstances, including civil matters or internal concerns where police may not have the jurisdiction, resources, or authority to intervene.
When To Hire A Private Investigator
Below are common scenarios in which hiring a private investigator is not only appropriate—it may be your most efficient and discreet option:
1. Surveillance for Insurance or Workers’ Comp Cases
If you’re an insurer or employer dealing with a questionable claim, private investigators can provide lawful, documented surveillance to determine if the claim aligns with observed activity. Law enforcement typically won’t investigate insurance fraud unless it’s part of a broader criminal case.
2. Background Checks and Due Diligence
Private investigators can conduct in-depth background investigations for employment screening, business partnerships, or legal support. These searches go beyond what’s available in public databases and can include civil litigation history, criminal records, and more.
3. Missing Persons Without Signs of Criminal Activity
Law enforcement may limit their involvement in missing persons cases when there’s no evidence of danger or foul play. In these instances, a private investigator can begin an independent search using skip tracing tools, interviews, and fieldwork that isn’t always possible through official channels.
4. Infidelity and Family-Related Concerns
Private investigators can discreetly gather evidence in sensitive matters such as infidelity, child custody, or elder neglect. These are often deeply personal issues that don’t meet the criteria for police intervention but still require fact-based documentation.
5. Process Serving and Legal Support
Attorneys and legal teams often rely on private investigators for process serving, locating hard-to-find individuals, and gathering intelligence to support a civil case. While not criminal in nature, these activities require accuracy, discretion, and professionalism.
When to Call Law Enforcement Instead
You should always call the police in emergencies or when someone’s safety is in immediate danger. This includes:
- Active crimes in progress (e.g., burglary, assault)
- Threats to life or property
- Missing persons involving minors or signs of abduction
- Stolen property or evidence of criminal fraud
Law enforcement has the authority to make arrests, obtain warrants, and access certain protected databases—powers that private investigators do not have.
A Complementary Approach
In some cases, hiring a private investigator can complement a law enforcement investigation. For example, families may choose to work with a PI to continue searching for a missing adult when police resources have been exhausted. Similarly, businesses may hire an investigator to identify internal issues before deciding whether to pursue legal action.
At O’Brien & Associates, our licensed investigators work with law enforcement to support our clients with timely, accurate, and ethical intelligence gathering. Whether you need help verifying a claim, conducting background checks, or locating a hard-to-find individual, we’re here to assist.
Final Thoughts
Understanding when to hire a private investigator versus calling law enforcement ensures that you use the right resources at the right time. Each serves a unique and important role, and the decision ultimately depends on the nature of your concern.
If you’re unsure of your next step, contact our team at O’Brien & Associates. We are ready to consult with you confidentially and help you determine the most effective path forward.
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